In the digital age, cybersecurity is critical for ensuring the safety of personal, organizational, and national data. Cyber threats have evolved in complexity, targeting everything from individuals' financial data to the infrastructure of entire nations. Phishing and malware attacks continue to dominate, preying on human error and system vulnerabilities. The rise of IoT devices has introduced new attack vectors, while zero-day exploits and advanced persistent threats demonstrate the increasing sophistication of cybercriminals. Insider threats, which involve trusted individuals misusing access, are also a growing concern. Governments worldwide are taking initiatives to mitigate these threats. Legislative measures, frameworks, and collaborations with private sectors aim to strengthen cybersecurity infrastructure. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU and CISA (Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency) in the US are proactive measures to enhance data protection and incident response. Countries are also investing in AI-based threat detection systems and ethical hacking programs to stay ahead of attackers.